The Landsknecht Sourcebook
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Source Index / People

Who’s who in Landsknecht history

Commanders, soldiers, patrons, writers, and image makers connected with Landsknecht history, chiefly c. 1480–1600.

A growing, source-linked register, not a complete census. Dates attached to books and artworks are dates of those sources; the events they describe may be earlier. Unknown and disputed life dates remain qualified.

71 of 71 entries · alphabetical by surname or principal name

Portrait of Albrecht Altdorfer, Rudolf Füssli the Younger, 1755–1757
Portrait of Albrecht Altdorfer
Rudolf Füssli the Younger · 1755–1757
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1914-3214
Image source · Name source · Rights

Artists and publishers

Albrecht Altdorfer

Born
c. 1480
Died
12 February 1538

Regensburg painter and printmaker whose small soldier prints and contributions to Maximilian’s Triumph are important sources for Landsknecht imagery.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1506Period artwork

    Landsknecht drawing his sword; attribution and dating follow Seggern.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 540, fig. 5, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
  2. 1953Scholarly biography

    Signed biography with references to earlier records.

    Events discussed: 1506–1518

    Baldass, Ludwig, Altdorfer, Albrecht (1953). pp. 208-212, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  3. 1755–1757Posthumous portrait

    The Rijksmuseum catalogues and names this image as Portrait of Albrecht Altdorfer; the displayed file is the item-level public-domain image.

    Rudolf Füssli the Younger, Portrait of Albrecht Altdorfer (1755–1757). Object RP-P-1914-3214; title, subject, date, and maker.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details
Baldass, Ludwig, Altdorfer, Albrecht (1953). pp. 208-212, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Maler, Graphiker und Baumeister

English: painter, printmaker, and architect

The cited article and locator were opened. This short excerpt identifies the match; the surrounding article supports the biographical statement.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 540, fig. 5, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Schwertziehender Landsknecht

English: Landsknecht drawing his sword

Scholarly catalogue wording and dating, not a new transcription of the original print.

Portrait of Albrecht Altdorfer, 1755–1757. Etching. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1914-3214.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1914-3214

The institutional title identifies Albrecht Altdorfer; this is a later, posthumous likeness.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Downloaded through the Rijksmuseum IIIF Image API at a maximum dimension of 1600 pixels; no editorial crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

Portrait of Christoph Amberger, Philipp Kilian, after Jakob von Sandrart, 1768–1775
Portrait of Christoph Amberger
Philipp Kilian, after Jakob von Sandrart · 1768–1775
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-2004-72-9
Image source · Name source · Rights

Artists and publishers

Christoph Amberger

Born
Probably c. 1505
Died
Between 1 November 1561 and 19 October 1562

Augsburg portrait painter connected with imperial patrons. The soldier print named Florian Leschenbrandt is assigned to him in Seggern’s catalogue.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. c. 1520–1530; printed 1575–1590Period artwork

    Florian Leschenbrandt, a named soldier figure; attribution and dating follow Seggern.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 542, fig. 28, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
  2. 1953Scholarly biography

    Signed biography with references to earlier records.

    Events discussed: 1520s–1560s

    Braun-Ronsdorf, Margarete, Amberger, Christoph (1953). pp. 241-242, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  3. 1768–1775Posthumous portrait

    The Rijksmuseum catalogues and names this image as Portrait of Christoph Amberger; the displayed file is the item-level public-domain image.

    Philipp Kilian, after Jakob von Sandrart, Portrait of Christoph Amberger (1768–1775). Object RP-P-2004-72-9; title on object and production roles.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Christof Amberger.

Braun-Ronsdorf, Margarete, Amberger, Christoph (1953). pp. 241-242, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Bildnismaler

English: portrait painter

The cited article and locator were opened. This short excerpt identifies the match; the surrounding article supports the biographical statement.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 542, fig. 28, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Florian Leschenbrandt

English: Florian Leschenbrandt, a named soldier figure

Scholarly catalogue wording and dating, not a new transcription of the original print.

Portrait of Christoph Amberger, 1768–1775. Engraving and book illustration. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-2004-72-9.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-2004-72-9

The title on the object reads Christope Ambergerus Augustanus, and the catalogue identifies the sitter as Christoph Amberger; this is a posthumous book print.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Downloaded through the Rijksmuseum IIIF Image API at a maximum dimension of 1600 pixels; no editorial crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

Selbstbildnis: Jost Amman, Jost Amman, Second half of the 16th century
Selbstbildnis: Jost Amman
Jost Amman · Second half of the 16th century
Image: ALBERTINA, Vienna
Image source · Name source · Rights

Artists and publishers

Jost Amman

Born
1539 (baptized 13 June)
Died
1591 (buried 17 March)

Prolific illustrator whose woodcuts accompanied military manuals, including Fronsperger’s works. His representations of offices, justice, and camp life are frequently used in Landsknecht research.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1573Period text

    Illustrations in Fronsperger’s Kriegsbuch; the NDB identifies Amman’s contribution to the printed work.

    Huber, Max, Fronsperger (Frönsperger, Freundtsperger), Leonhardt (Lienhart) (1961). Biographie and Werke, Kriegsbuch. Signed scholarly reference.
  2. c. 1565Period artwork

    Advocate and councillors; attributed and dated in Seggern’s catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 558, fig. 142, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
  3. 1953Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: c. 1565

    Pilz, Kurt, Ammann, Jost (Jos, Jobst) (1953). pp. 251, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  4. Second half of the 16th centuryNamed self-portrait print

    The Albertina catalogues this print as Jost Amman's self-portrait; the sheet itself bears the printed name IOBST AMAN.

    Jost Amman, Selbstbildnis: Jost Amman (Second half of the 16th century). Object 384639; folio D/I/30/1; title, maker, date, technique, object number, and item-level public-domain statement.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details
Pilz, Kurt, Ammann, Jost (Jos, Jobst) (1953). pp. 251, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Zeichner

English: draughtsman

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 558, fig. 142, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Fürsprech und Räte

English: Advocate and councillors

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

Selbstbildnis: Jost Amman, Second half of the 16th century. Etching mounted on an album folio. ALBERTINA, Vienna, D/I/30/1; object 384639; media 267584.

Image: ALBERTINA, Vienna

The Albertina catalogues the work as Selbstbildnis: Jost Amman and attributes it to Jost Amman. The etching mounted on the folio is explicitly captioned IOBST AMAN. The catalogue dates it only to the second half of the sixteenth century.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public domain (Gemeinfrei). The Albertina-delivered full JPEG is reproduced as a complete folio without editorial crop, retouching, or tonal adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

Alfonso Daualos, Marggrave von Guasto (named portrait page), Michael Beuther; printed by Peter Perna, 1582
Alfonso Daualos, Marggrave von Guasto (named portrait page)
Michael Beuther; printed by Peter Perna · 1582
Michael Beuther, Bildnisse (Basel: Peter Perna, 1582), Universitätsbibliothek Basel, UBH EW I 9:2, p. 303, DOI 10.3931/e-rara-9113
Image source · Name source · Rights

Commanders and soldiers

Alfonso d’Avalos, Marquis of Vasto

Born
25 May 1502
Died
31 March 1546

Imperial infantry commander at Pavia and later governor of Milan. His biography explicitly describes Landsknechte in the vanguard he commanded in 1525.

The quoted troop figure is the biography’s statement, not an independently reconciled strength estimate. He is not the Marquis of Pescara who died in 1525.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1962Scholarly biography

    Signed scholarly biography with primary-source references.

    Events discussed: 1522, 1525, 1538–1546

    Gaspare De Caro, Avalos, Alfonso d’, marchese del Vasto (1962). opening paragraphs, especially Pavia; final paragraph before bibliography. Signed scholarly reference.
  2. 1582Posthumous portrait

    Beuther's named portrait book prints Alfonso Daualos, Marggrave von Guasto directly above this portrait and biography.

    Michael Beuther; printed by Peter Perna, Bildnisse viler hochberühmter fürtrefflicher Männer (1582). Printed p. 303; e-rara image 2665692; heading and portrait on the same page.. Primary source.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Alfonso del Vasto; Alfonso d Avalos.

Gaspare De Caro, Avalos, Alfonso d’, marchese del Vasto (1962). opening paragraphs, especially Pavia; final paragraph before bibliography. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: millecinquecento lanzichenecchi

English: fifteen hundred Landsknechte

The cited article and locator were opened. This short excerpt identifies the match; the surrounding article supports the biographical statement.

Alfonso Daualos, Marggrave von Guasto (named portrait page), 1582. Woodcut portrait with letterpress biography on the same book page. Universitätsbibliothek Basel via e-rara, UBH EW I 9:2, printed page 303; e-rara image 2665692.

Michael Beuther, Bildnisse (Basel: Peter Perna, 1582), Universitätsbibliothek Basel, UBH EW I 9:2, p. 303, DOI 10.3931/e-rara-9113

The printed heading Alfonso Daualos, Marggrave von Guasto appears immediately above the portrait and biography on page 303; this is a posthumous named book print.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. The complete named book page is reproduced unchanged from the repository webcache; no crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

Bust portrait of Ferdinando Francesco de Avalos, marquis of Pescara, in an oval ornamented frame, Nicolò Nelli, 1568
Bust portrait of Ferdinando Francesco de Avalos, marquis of Pescara, in an oval ornamented frame
Nicolò Nelli · 1568
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2012.136.287; Open Access, CC0
Image source · Name source · Rights

Commanders and soldiers

Ferdinando Francesco d’Avalos, Marquis of Pescara

Born
1489
Died
3 December 1525

Imperial commander whose Spanish infantry fought alongside Landsknechte in the Italian Wars. He played a central part in the victory at Pavia and in the army’s subsequent political negotiations.

Distinguish him from his cousin Alfonso, Marquis of Vasto, and from the later Francesco Ferdinando d’Avalos.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1962Scholarly biography

    Signed scholarly biography with primary-source references.

    Events discussed: 1522, 1525

    Gaspare De Caro, Avalos, Ferdinando Francesco d’, marchese di Pescara (1962). opening paragraph; accounts of Bicocca and Pavia; final paragraph before bibliography. Signed scholarly reference.
  2. 1568Posthumous portrait

    The Met catalogues this exact image under the named sitter and marks it Public Domain.

    Nicolò Nelli, Bust portrait of Ferdinando Francesco de Avalos, marquis of Pescara, in an oval ornamented frame (1568). Object 2012.136.287; title, sitter identification, date, medium, and Open Access marker.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Ferrante d’Avalos; Marquis of Pescara; Ferdinando Francesco d Avalos.

Gaspare De Caro, Avalos, Ferdinando Francesco d’, marchese di Pescara (1962). opening paragraph; accounts of Bicocca and Pavia; final paragraph before bibliography. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Pavia

The cited article and locator were opened. This short excerpt identifies the match; the surrounding article supports the biographical statement.

Bust portrait of Ferdinando Francesco de Avalos, marquis of Pescara, in an oval ornamented frame, 1568. Engraving. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2012.136.287.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2012.136.287; Open Access, CC0

The Met's object title names Ferdinando Francesco d'Avalos, Marquis of Pescara, as the sitter. This is a posthumous print.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Open Access CC0 1.0. The Met web-large JPEG is served unchanged; no crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

Bust portrait of Barthel Beham (1502–1540), Mathias van Somer, c. 1650
Bust portrait of Barthel Beham (1502–1540)
Mathias van Somer · c. 1650
LWL-Museum für Kunst und Kultur, Münster, Porträtarchiv Diepenbroick, C-509330 PAD
Image source · Name source · Rights

Artists and publishers

Barthel Beham

Born
1502
Died
1540

Painter and engraver who represented individual Landsknechte, including seated and rear-view soldiers. Distinguish him from his brother Sebald when using older catalogue attributions and life dates.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. c. 1520Period artwork

    Seated Landsknecht; attributed and dated in Seggern’s catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 541, fig. 15, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
  2. 1955Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: c. 1520

    Muchall-Viebroock, Thomas, Beham, Barthel (1955). pp. 4, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  3. c. 1650Posthumous portrait

    The LWL catalogue and the print inscription name the sitter in this public-domain portrait.

    Mathias van Somer, Bust portrait of Barthel Beham (1502–1540) (c. 1650). Object C-509330 PAD; item title, printed identification, date, and download-rights statement.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details
Muchall-Viebroock, Thomas, Beham, Barthel (1955). pp. 4, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Maler

English: painter

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 541, fig. 15, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Sitzender Landsknecht

English: Seated Landsknecht

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

Bust portrait of Barthel Beham (1502–1540), c. 1650. Engraving. LWL-Museum für Kunst und Kultur, Münster, C-509330 PAD.

LWL-Museum für Kunst und Kultur, Münster, Porträtarchiv Diepenbroick, C-509330 PAD

The LWL object title names Barthel Beham, and the print inscription reads BARTHOLOMEUS BAHAM, identifying the sitter. This is posthumous.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Downloaded through the museum image service at a maximum dimension of 1600 pixels; no editorial crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

Medallions with portraits of Sebald Beham and Anna Beham, Wenceslaus Hollar, 1647
Medallions with portraits of Sebald Beham and Anna Beham
Wenceslaus Hollar · 1647
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 18.17.2-263; Open Access, CC0
Image source · Name source · Rights

Artists and publishers

Sebald Beham

Born
1500
Died
22 November 1550

Printmaker whose etched, engraved, and woodcut soldier figures preserve a varied visual record of Landsknecht appearance and social types. He also designed named soldier broadsheets.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1520Period artwork

    Landsknecht; attributed and dated in Seggern’s catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 541, fig. 13, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
  2. 1955Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1520

    Muchall-Viebroock, Thomas, Beham, Hans Sebald (1955). pp. 4–6, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  3. 1647Posthumous portrait

    The Met catalogues this exact image under the named sitter and marks it Public Domain.

    Wenceslaus Hollar, Medallions with portraits of Sebald Beham and Anna Beham (1647). Object 18.17.2-263; title, sitter identification, date, medium, and Open Access marker.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Hans Sebald Beham.

Muchall-Viebroock, Thomas, Beham, Hans Sebald (1955). pp. 4–6, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Maler

English: painter

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 541, fig. 13, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Landsknecht

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

Medallions with portraits of Sebald Beham and Anna Beham, 1647. Etching; first state of three. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 18.17.2-263.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 18.17.2-263; Open Access, CC0

The Met title and description identify Sebald Beham as the sitter in the left medallion and Anna Beham in the right. This is a posthumous print.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Open Access CC0 1.0. The Met web-large JPEG is served unchanged; no crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

Portrait of Götz von Berlichingen, anonymous, possibly after a design by Hugo Bürkner, 1854
Portrait of Götz von Berlichingen
anonymous, possibly after a design by Hugo Bürkner · 1854
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-2019-4526
Image source · Name source · Rights

Commanders and soldiers

Götz von Berlichingen

Born
1480
Died
23 July 1562

Imperial knight and autobiographical witness to early sixteenth-century warfare. His career includes the Swabian War, the Landshut succession conflict, and a brief command among the insurgents in 1525.

Included as a military contemporary and witness; his knightly status does not make him an ordinary Landsknecht. The later literary character must be distinguished from the historical man.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1955Scholarly biography

    Signed biography with references to earlier records.

    Events discussed: 1499, 1504, 1519, 1525

    Franz, Günther, Berlichingen, Gottfried (Götz) von (1955). pp. 98, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  2. 1854Posthumous portrait

    The Rijksmuseum catalogues and names this image as Portrait of Götz von Berlichingen; the displayed file is the item-level public-domain image.

    anonymous, possibly after a design by Hugo Bürkner, Portrait of Götz von Berlichingen (1854). Object RP-P-2019-4526; title and 1854 book note.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Gottfried von Berlichingen; Goetz von Berlichingen.

Franz, Günther, Berlichingen, Gottfried (Götz) von (1955). pp. 98, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Reichsritter

English: imperial knight

The cited article and locator were opened. This short excerpt identifies the match; the surrounding article supports the biographical statement.

Portrait of Götz von Berlichingen, 1854. Wood engraving with letterpress on recto and verso. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-2019-4526.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-2019-4526

The catalogue identifies Götz von Berlichingen and records this named portrait as a page from Ludwig Bechstein's Zweihundert deutsche Männer in Bildnissen und Lebensbeschreibungen.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Downloaded through the Rijksmuseum IIIF Image API at a maximum dimension of 1600 pixels; no editorial crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

Portrait of Jakob Binck, Simon Frisius, 1610
Portrait of Jakob Binck
Simon Frisius · 1610
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-H-H-1154
Image source · Name source · Rights

Artists and publishers

Jakob Binck

Born
Between 1494 and 1500
Died
28 August 1569

Engraver, painter, and medallist whose work includes a single Landsknecht figure. His career moved between German and Scandinavian courts.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. c. 1520Period artwork

    Landsknecht with a canteen; attribution and dating follow Seggern.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 541, fig. 14, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
  2. 1955Scholarly biography

    Signed biography with references to earlier records.

    Events discussed: c. 1520, 1533–1569

    Muchall-Viebroock, Thomas, Binck (Bink), Jakob (1955). pp. 242, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  3. 1610Posthumous portrait

    The Rijksmuseum catalogues and names this image as Portrait of Jakob Binck; the displayed file is the item-level public-domain image.

    Simon Frisius, Portrait of Jakob Binck (1610). Object RP-P-H-H-1154; title, inscription, and series note.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Jacob Binck; Jakob Bink.

Muchall-Viebroock, Thomas, Binck (Bink), Jakob (1955). pp. 242, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Kupferstecher, Maler und Medailleur

English: engraver, painter, and medallist

The cited article and locator were opened. This short excerpt identifies the match; the surrounding article supports the biographical statement.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 541, fig. 14, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Landsknecht mit Feldflasche

English: Landsknecht with a canteen

Scholarly catalogue wording and dating, not a new transcription of the original print.

Portrait of Jakob Binck, 1610. Etching and engraving. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-H-H-1154.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-H-H-1154

The catalogue identifies Jakob Binck and notes that his name and four Latin lines appear below the portrait in a book series of artists' portraits.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Downloaded through the Rijksmuseum IIIF Image API at a maximum dimension of 1600 pixels; no editorial crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

Charles III, Duke of Bourbon (posthumous portrait), Dominicus Custos, 1602
Charles III, Duke of Bourbon (posthumous portrait)
Dominicus Custos · 1602
Stadtbibliothek Schaffhausen, B+ 3; e-rara, doi:10.3931/e-rara-79794
Image source · Name source · Rights

Commanders and soldiers

Charles III, Duke of Bourbon

Born
17 February 1490
Died
6 May 1527

Former constable of France who entered imperial service and joined Frundsberg’s army in 1527. He was killed during the assault on Rome that preceded the sack.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1602Posthumous portrait

    Named portrait in part IV of Custos’s Atrium heroicum. This is the publication year, not a life event.

    Dominicus Custos; epigrams by Marcus Henning, Atrium heroicum Caesarum, Regu[m], aliarumque summatum, ac procerum (1600–1602). part IV; image 22431751; heading CAROLVS BORBONII DVX. Primary source.
  2. 1526–1527Period text

    Machiavelli’s letters name Bourbon and report the army’s movements; the modern study identifies individual letters and their editions.

    Events discussed: 1526–1527

    Jean-Louis Fournel and Jean-Claude Zancarini, Borbone, Carlo di (2014). discussion of letters of 2 December 1526 and February–April 1527. Signed scholarly reference.
  3. 2014Scholarly biography

    Fournel and Zancarini examine his career and his appearances in Machiavelli and Guicciardini.

    Jean-Louis Fournel and Jean-Claude Zancarini, Borbone, Carlo di (2014). complete entry. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Charles de Bourbon; Carlo di Borbone; Constable of Bourbon.

Jean-Louis Fournel and Jean-Claude Zancarini, Borbone, Carlo di (2014). biography, paragraphs on 1523–1527. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: esercito di lanzi guidato da Georg Frundsberg

English: army of Landsknechte led by Georg Frundsberg

The cited scholarly record supplies this identification; a catalogue title is not an original inscription.

Charles III, Duke of Bourbon (posthumous portrait), 1602. Engraving and letterpress. Stadtbibliothek Schaffhausen, via e-rara, B+ 3; part IV; image 22431751.

Stadtbibliothek Schaffhausen, B+ 3; e-rara, doi:10.3931/e-rara-79794

Named in the printed heading CAROLVS BORBONII DVX. A posthumous portrait. The date is the date on this part’s title page.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Institution-supplied image retained unchanged; no crop, retouching, or colour alteration.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-08-29.

No rights-cleared portrait on this page

Commanders and soldiers

Konrad von Boyneburg

Born
1494 (?)
Died
29 June 1567

Landsknecht captain at Pavia and later imperial colonel. With Reinhard von Solms he worked on a military ordinance in 1544–1545; his career continued through Saint-Quentin in 1557.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1955Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1525, 1527–1528, 1544–1545, 1557

    Franz, Günther, Boineburg, Konrad (Kurt) Reichsfreiherr von (seit 1554), genannt der kleine Hess (1955). pp. 425, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  2. 1787–1841Posthumous portrait

    The institutional portrait record specifically names Konrad von Boyneburg; its digital image remains link-only pending item-level reuse clearance.

    Sebastian Langer, Bildnis des Konrad von Boineburg (1787–1841). Portraitindex object 33017494; title, sitter, date range, and SBB inventory.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Kurt von Boineburg; Konrad von Bemelberg; Der kleine Hess.

Franz, Günther, Boineburg, Konrad (Kurt) Reichsfreiherr von (seit 1554), genannt der kleine Hess (1955). pp. 425, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Landsknechtshauptmann

English: Landsknecht captain

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

This institutional portrait record specifically names the sitter. It remains link-only because an item-level open reuse statement for the exact digital image was not established.

Portrait source · Name source

Portrait of Albrecht Alcibiades, Peter Troschel, c. 1630–in or after 1670
Portrait of Albrecht Alcibiades
Peter Troschel · c. 1630–in or after 1670
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1911-4797
Image source · Name source · Rights

Rulers and patrons

Albrecht Alcibiades of Brandenburg-Kulmbach

Born
28 March 1522
Died
8 January 1557

Margrave and military entrepreneur whose service in the 1540s was followed by the destructive Second Margrave War. His armies connect Landsknecht recruitment with the conflicts among imperial princes.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1953Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1543, 1547, 1552–1553

    Guttenberg, Erich Freiherr von, Albrecht Alkibiades (1953). pp. 163, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  2. c. 1630–in or after 1670Posthumous portrait

    The Rijksmuseum catalogues and names this image as Portrait of Albrecht Alcibiades; the displayed file is the item-level public-domain image.

    Peter Troschel, Portrait of Albrecht Alcibiades (c. 1630–in or after 1670). Object RP-P-1911-4797; title, subject, date, and maker.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Albrecht Alkibiades; Albrecht II Alcibiades.

Guttenberg, Erich Freiherr von, Albrecht Alkibiades (1953). pp. 163, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Söldner- und Reiterführer

English: mercenary and cavalry commander

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Portrait of Albrecht Alcibiades, c. 1630–in or after 1670. Engraving. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1911-4797.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1911-4797

The institutional title and subject record identify Albrecht Alcibiades; this is a posthumous print.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Downloaded through the Rijksmuseum IIIF Image API at a maximum dimension of 1600 pixels; no editorial crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

No rights-cleared portrait on this page

Artists and publishers

Jörg Breu the Elder

Born
c. 1475–1476
Died
Between May and October 1537

Augsburg painter, woodcut designer, and chronicler. His drawings of Maximilian’s wars and his chronicle place military imagery beside an urban witness’s account of the period.

Distinguish him from Jörg Breu the Younger. Attributions of individual soldier sheets to father or son need separate review.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1512–1537Period text

    Chronicle covering these years, described in the NDB; this is its coverage range, not a modern edition date.

    Events discussed: 1512–1537

    Wegner, Wolfgang, Breu, Jörg der Ältere (1955). pp. 604–605, opening biographical paragraph. Signed scholarly reference.
  2. 1955Scholarly biography

    Signed biography with references to earlier records.

    Events discussed: 1512–1537

    Wegner, Wolfgang, Breu, Jörg der Ältere (1955). pp. 604-605, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Georg Breu; Georg Preu.

Wegner, Wolfgang, Breu, Jörg der Ältere (1955). pp. 604-605, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Kriege und Jagden Maximilians

English: wars and hunts of Maximilian

The cited article and locator were opened. This short excerpt identifies the match; the surrounding article supports the biographical statement.

The signed biography lists portrait references in its Porträts section. Those references do not establish the reuse rights of a particular digital image; no image from that list has been approved here.

Portrait source · Name source

Hans Burgkmair with his wife, Georg Christoph Kilian, after the 1529 double portrait, 1766
Hans Burgkmair with his wife
Georg Christoph Kilian, after the 1529 double portrait · 1766
LWL-Museum für Kunst und Kultur, Münster, Porträtarchiv Diepenbroick, C-502353 PAD
Image source · Name source · Rights

Artists and publishers

Hans Burgkmair the Elder

Born
1473
Died
1531

Augsburg painter and print designer involved in Maximilian’s Triumph and Landsknecht broadsheets. Several designs reached readers in much later printings, which must be dated separately.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. c. 1520–1530; printed 1575–1590Period artwork

    Augustin Wagenhals; attributed and dated in Seggern’s catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 541, fig. 17, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
  2. 1957Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: c. 1520–1530; printed 1575–1590

    Strieder, Peter, Burgkmair, Hans der Ältere (1957). pp. 47–49, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  3. 1766Posthumous portrait

    The LWL catalogue and the print inscription name the sitter in this public-domain portrait.

    Georg Christoph Kilian, after the 1529 double portrait, Hans Burgkmair with his wife (1766). Object C-502353 PAD; item title, printed identification, date, and download-rights statement.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Hans Burgkmair d. Ä..

Strieder, Peter, Burgkmair, Hans der Ältere (1957). pp. 47–49, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Maler

English: painter

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 541, fig. 17, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Augustin Wagenhals

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

Hans Burgkmair with his wife, 1766. Engraving. LWL-Museum für Kunst und Kultur, Münster, C-502353 PAD.

LWL-Museum für Kunst und Kultur, Münster, Porträtarchiv Diepenbroick, C-502353 PAD

The LWL title and the print's text identify Hans Burgkmair and his wife. The sheet states that it reproduces their 1529 double portrait; the displayed engraving is a posthumous 1766 work.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Downloaded through the museum image service at a maximum dimension of 1600 pixels; no editorial crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

Emperors Charles V and Ferdinand I, Christoph Bockstorffer, ca. 1531
Emperors Charles V and Ferdinand I
Christoph Bockstorffer · ca. 1531
Anonymous Gift, 1917
Image source · Name source · Rights

Rulers and patrons

Charles V

Born
24 February 1500
Died
21 September 1558

Emperor and king of Spain whose armies employed German infantry throughout the Italian Wars and the Schmalkaldic War. Frundsberg, Schertlin, and other captains served within this shifting imperial military system.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. ca. 1531Period artwork

    Joint portrait of Charles V and Ferdinand I, shown in full. The Met catalogue identifies both sitters.

    Christoph Bockstorffer, Emperors Charles V and Ferdinand I (ca. 1531). Object 17.26. Institutional catalogue.
  2. 1977Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1520s–1540s

    Kohler, Alfred, Karl V. (1977). pp. 191–211, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Karl V; Carlos I; Charles Quint.

Kohler, Alfred, Karl V. (1977). pp. 191–211, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Kaiser (Karl I. als König von Spanien)

English: Emperor (Charles I as king of Spain)

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Emperors Charles V and Ferdinand I, ca. 1531. Etching; second state of two (Hollstein). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 17.26.

Anonymous Gift, 1917

Joint portrait of Charles V and Ferdinand I, shown in full. The Met catalogue identifies both sitters.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: CC0 1.0. Institution-supplied web image downloaded unchanged; no crop or colour alteration.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-08-29.

Prospero Colonna (named portrait page), Michael Beuther; printed by Peter Perna, 1582
Prospero Colonna (named portrait page)
Michael Beuther; printed by Peter Perna · 1582
Michael Beuther, Bildnisse (Basel: Peter Perna, 1582), Universitätsbibliothek Basel, UBH EW I 9:2, p. 217, DOI 10.3931/e-rara-9113
Image source · Name source · Rights

Commanders and soldiers

Prospero Colonna

Born
c. 1460; disputed
Died
31 December 1523

Italian commander of the imperial army at Bicocca, where German Landsknechte fought alongside other forces. His biography explains the choice of defensive ground and the campaign against Lautrec.

The DBI prefers c. 1460 but reports much earlier estimates. This is the soldier, not one of the cardinals of the same name.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1982Scholarly biography

    Petrucci reconstructs the campaigns and discusses uncertainty about his birth.

    Events discussed: 1522–1523

    Franca Petrucci, Colonna, Prospero (1982). opening paragraphs and account of 1522–1523. Signed scholarly reference.
  2. 1582Posthumous portrait

    Beuther's named portrait book prints Prospero Colonna directly above this portrait and biography.

    Michael Beuther; printed by Peter Perna, Bildnisse viler hochberühmter fürtrefflicher Männer (1582). Printed p. 217; e-rara image 2665606; heading and portrait on the same page.. Primary source.
Sources, name variants & portrait details
Franca Petrucci, Colonna, Prospero (1982). paragraphs on 1522–1523. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: prese posizione alla Bicocca

English: took up a position at Bicocca

The cited scholarly record supplies this identification; a catalogue title is not an original inscription.

Prospero Colonna (named portrait page), 1582. Woodcut portrait with letterpress biography on the same book page. Universitätsbibliothek Basel via e-rara, UBH EW I 9:2, printed page 217; e-rara image 2665606.

Michael Beuther, Bildnisse (Basel: Peter Perna, 1582), Universitätsbibliothek Basel, UBH EW I 9:2, p. 217, DOI 10.3931/e-rara-9113

The printed heading Prospero Colonna appears immediately above the portrait and biography on page 217; this is a posthumous named book print.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. The complete named book page is reproduced unchanged from the repository webcache; no crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

Portrait of Lucas Cranach at the age of 77, Antonio Pazzi, after a drawing by Giuseppe Menabuoni, 1752–1766
Portrait of Lucas Cranach at the age of 77
Antonio Pazzi, after a drawing by Giuseppe Menabuoni · 1752–1766
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-2004-72-109
Image source · Name source · Rights

Artists and publishers

Lucas Cranach the Elder

Born
4 October 1472
Died
16 October 1553

Painter and printmaker whose early woodcut of a Landsknecht belongs to the visual record of German infantry around 1500. His portraits also preserve important figures of the Reformation and princely courts.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1505Period artwork

    Landsknecht; attributed and dated in Seggern’s catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 539, fig. 3, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
  2. 1957Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1505

    Girshausen, Theo Ludwig, Cranach, Lucas der Ältere (1957). pp. 395–398, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  3. 1752–1766Posthumous portrait

    The Rijksmuseum catalogues and names this image as Portrait of Lucas Cranach at the age of 77; the displayed file is the item-level public-domain image.

    Antonio Pazzi, after a drawing by Giuseppe Menabuoni, Portrait of Lucas Cranach at the age of 77 (1752–1766). Object RP-P-2004-72-109; title and book-series note.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Lucas Cranach d. Ä..

Girshausen, Theo Ludwig, Cranach, Lucas der Ältere (1957). pp. 395–398, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Maler

English: painter

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 539, fig. 3, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Landsknecht

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

Portrait of Lucas Cranach at the age of 77, 1752–1766. Engraving printed on an album leaf. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-2004-72-109.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-2004-72-109

The institutional title identifies Lucas Cranach; the catalogue records the engraving as a book-form artist portrait in the Museum Florentinum series.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Downloaded through the Rijksmuseum IIIF Image API at a maximum dimension of 1600 pixels; no editorial crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Writers and witnesses

Paul Dolnstein

Born
Unknown
Died
Unknown; recorded as late as 1513

Soldier and draughtsman whose annotated sketches record fighting around Älvsborg in 1502. Dihle also identifies him in Saxon building and court accounts.

The precise birth and death dates are not established in the cited study; manuscript claims about numbers and victories require criticism.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. Early sixteenth centuryPeriod text

    Annotated campaign drawings concerning Älvsborg, transcribed and discussed by Dihle. Their references to 1502 are event dates, not secure dates of composition.

    Events discussed: 1502

    Helene Dihle, Zur Belagerung von Elfsborg i. J. 1502: Aus den Papieren eines deutschen Landsknechts (1930). pp. 109–110, figs. 35–36. Scholarly study.
  2. 1930Scholarly study

    Dihle identifies the soldier and publishes drawings and inscriptions from his papers.

    Events discussed: 1494–1498, 1502, 1513

    Helene Dihle, Zur Belagerung von Elfsborg i. J. 1502: Aus den Papieren eines deutschen Landsknechts (1930). pp. 108–113. Scholarly study.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Paul Tolnstein; Pawl Dolnstain.

Helene Dihle, Zur Belagerung von Elfsborg i. J. 1502: Aus den Papieren eines deutschen Landsknechts (1930). pp. 108–110. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Paul Dolnstein

Identity and activity are established by the article, including its manuscript transcriptions. The last cited record does not supply a death date.

Portrait of Albrecht Dürer, Erhard Schön, ca. 1538
Portrait of Albrecht Dürer
Erhard Schön · ca. 1538
The George Khuner Collection, Gift of Mrs. George Khuner, 1975
Image source · Name source · Rights

Artists and publishers

Albrecht Dürer

Born
21 May 1471
Died
6 April 1528

Painter and printmaker whose soldier studies and designs for Maximilian I are foundational visual sources for early Landsknecht dress and military imagery.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. ca. 1538Period artwork

    Posthumous portrait of Dürer by Erhard Schön, dated about 1538 by the museum.

    Erhard Schön, Portrait of Albrecht Dürer (ca. 1538). Object 1975.653.107. Institutional catalogue.
  2. 1503/1504Period artwork

    Landsknecht seen from behind; attributed and dated in Seggern’s catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 539, fig. 1, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
  3. 1959Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1503/1504

    Jantzen, Hans, Dürer, Albrecht (1959). pp. 164–169, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Albrecht Durer.

Jantzen, Hans, Dürer, Albrecht (1959). pp. 164–169, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Maler

English: painter

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 539, fig. 1, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Landsknecht von hinten

English: Landsknecht seen from behind

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

Portrait of Albrecht Dürer, ca. 1538. Woodcut. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1975.653.107.

The George Khuner Collection, Gift of Mrs. George Khuner, 1975

Posthumous portrait of Dürer by Erhard Schön, dated about 1538 by the museum.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: CC0 1.0. Institution-supplied web image downloaded unchanged; no crop or colour alteration.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-08-29.

Marx Sittich von Ems - Oelgemaelde, Painting artist not supplied; photographed by Helmut Klapper, Painting date not supplied; slide photography October 1983
Marx Sittich von Ems - Oelgemaelde
Painting artist not supplied; photographed by Helmut Klapper · Painting date not supplied; slide photography October 1983
Foto: Helmut Klapper, Vorarlberger Landesbibliothek
Image source · Name source · Rights

Commanders and soldiers

Marx Sittich I von Ems

Born
Disputed: 1466 or c. 1470–1480
Died
1533

Vorarlberg recruiter and commander of German Landsknechte in the Italian Wars. His documented career includes service around Novara, Verona, Pavia, and the campaigns of the 1520s.

The authority index gives 1466; the signed ADB article places his birth around 1470–1480. This entry does not resolve the disagreement.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1881Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1499–1500, 1516, 1521, 1523–1525, 1528

    Wyß, Georg von, Hohenems, Marx Sittich I. von (1881). pp. 512–514, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  2. 1983Named painting photograph

    The Vorarlberger Landesbibliothek catalogue specifically identifies the subject as Marx Sittich von Ems and describes the photographed work as an oil painting.

    Helmut Klapper (photographer); painting artist not supplied, Marx Sittich von Ems - Oelgemaelde (October 1983 (slide photography); painting date not supplied). Object o:63113; title, subject metadata, material description, slide date, photographer, and CC BY 4.0 licence.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Marx Sittich von Hohenems; Marx Sittich I von Hohenems.

Wyß, Georg von, Hohenems, Marx Sittich I. von (1881). pp. 512–514, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Hauptwerbern und Führern der deutschen Landsknechte

English: principal recruiters and leaders of German Landsknechte

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Marx Sittich von Ems - Oelgemaelde, Painting date not supplied; slide photography October 1983. Colour slide photograph of an oil painting. Vorarlberger Landesbibliothek, volare, o:63113; VLB2392272.

Foto: Helmut Klapper, Vorarlberger Landesbibliothek

The institutional title names Marx Sittich von Ems and identifies the depicted work as an oil painting. The painting itself bears an identifying inscription beginning MARX SITTICH VON EMBS. The catalogue does not identify the painter or date the painting; 1983 is the date of Helmut Klapper's slide photography.

Work: Painting rights not stated; historical painting. Digital image: CC BY 4.0. The institution-delivered large JPEG is reproduced without editorial crop, retouching, or tonal adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

Emperor Ferdinand I, Barthel Beham, 16th century
Emperor Ferdinand I
Barthel Beham · 16th century
Rogers Fund, 1918
Image source · Name source · Rights

Rulers and patrons

Ferdinand I

Born
10 March 1503
Died
25 July 1564

Habsburg ruler of the Austrian lands and, later, emperor. The Ottoman wars and the defence of his central European territories formed an important setting for German infantry recruitment and military writing.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 16th centuryPeriod artwork

    The museum identifies the sitter as Ferdinand I; its catalogue dates this impression only to the sixteenth century.

    Barthel Beham, Emperor Ferdinand I (16th century). Object 18.65.2. Institutional catalogue.
  2. 1961Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1526–1529, 1550s–1560s

    Wandruszka, Adam, Ferdinand I. (1961). pp. 81–83, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Emperor Ferdinand I; Kaiser Ferdinand I.

Wandruszka, Adam, Ferdinand I. (1961). pp. 81–83, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Türkenbelagerung von 1529

English: Ottoman siege of 1529

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Emperor Ferdinand I, 16th century. Engraving; first of three states. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 18.65.2.

Rogers Fund, 1918

The museum identifies the sitter as Ferdinand I; its catalogue dates this impression only to the sixteenth century.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: CC0 1.0. Institution-supplied web image downloaded unchanged; no crop or colour alteration.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-08-29.

No rights-cleared portrait on this page

Artists and publishers

Peter Flötner

Born
Between 1486 and 1495
Died
23 October 1546

Nuremberg artist and designer associated with images of military offices, later copied in soldier-print series. His designs help trace how representations circulated between workshops.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. c. 1520–1530Period artwork

    Supreme field captain; attributed and dated in Seggern’s catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 558, fig. 146, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
  2. 1961Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: c. 1520–1530

    Wegner, Wolfgang, Flötner, Peter (1961). pp. 250–251, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  3. 1601–1650Posthumous portrait

    The institutional portrait record specifically names Peter Flötner; its digital image remains link-only pending item-level reuse clearance.

    unknown printmaker, Bildnis des Peter Flötner (1601–1650). Portraitindex object 33706519; title, sitter, date range, etching technique, and GNM inventory.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Peter Floetner.

Wegner, Wolfgang, Flötner, Peter (1961). pp. 250–251, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Bildschnitzer

English: woodcarver

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 558, fig. 146, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Oberster feldthaubman

English: Supreme field captain

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

This institutional portrait record specifically names the sitter. It remains link-only because an item-level open reuse statement for the exact digital image was not established.

Portrait source · Name source

Portrait of Odet de Foix, anonymous; published by the widow of Jacques Kerver and Guillaume Chaudière, 1584
Portrait of Odet de Foix
anonymous; published by the widow of Jacques Kerver and Guillaume Chaudière · 1584
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-2019-5004
Image source · Name source · Rights

Commanders and soldiers

Odet de Foix, Viscount of Lautrec

Born
c. 1483
Died
1528

French marshal who commanded the army defeated at Bicocca and later besieged Naples. His campaigns brought him into opposition to imperial commanders and their German infantry.

This is Odet, not his brother Thomas, born in 1485. The cited article establishes the death year, not an exact day.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 2023Scholarly study

    The study of his brother André includes an account of Odet’s career and its sources.

    Events discussed: 1507–1528

    Diego Téllez Alarcia, André de Foix, señor de Asparros: el general que sitió Logroño (junio de 1521) (2023). pp. 157–158. Scholarly study.
  2. 1584Posthumous portrait

    The Rijksmuseum catalogues and names this image as Portrait of Odet de Foix; the displayed file is the item-level public-domain image.

    anonymous; published by the widow of Jacques Kerver and Guillaume Chaudière, Portrait of Odet de Foix (1584). Object RP-P-2019-5004; title and book note, volume 2, folio 362.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Odet de Foix; Lautrec; Odet de Foix-Lautrec.

Diego Téllez Alarcia, André de Foix, señor de Asparros: el general que sitió Logroño (junio de 1521) (2023). pp. 157–158, account of Odet. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Odet (c. 1483-1528)

English: Odet (c. 1483–1528)

The cited article and locator were opened. This short excerpt identifies the match; the surrounding article supports the biographical statement.

Portrait of Odet de Foix, 1584. Engraving with letterpress on recto and verso. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-2019-5004.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-2019-5004

The catalogue names Odet de Foix and identifies the sheet as a page from André Thevet's Les vrais pourtraits et vies des hommes illustres; it is posthumous.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Downloaded through the Rijksmuseum IIIF Image API at a maximum dimension of 1600 pixels; no editorial crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

Francis I of France (posthumous portrait), Dominicus Custos, 1602
Francis I of France (posthumous portrait)
Dominicus Custos · 1602
Stadtbibliothek Schaffhausen, B+ 3; e-rara, doi:10.3931/e-rara-79794
Image source · Name source · Rights

Rulers and patrons

Francis I of France

Born
1494
Died
1547

French king and principal opponent of Charles V in the Italian Wars. German mercenaries served on both sides; his capture at Pavia is a recurring event in the careers of Landsknecht commanders.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1602Posthumous portrait

    Named portrait in part IV of Custos’s Atrium heroicum. This is the publication year, not a life event.

    Dominicus Custos; epigrams by Marcus Henning, Atrium heroicum Caesarum, Regu[m], aliarumque summatum, ac procerum (1600–1602). part IV; image 22431739; heading FRANCISCVS I. GALLIARVM REX. Primary source.
  2. 1898Scholarly biography

    Winzerer’s biography discusses the French king’s capture at Pavia.

    Events discussed: 1525

    Hartmann, August, Winzerer, Kaspar (1898). pp. 511–513. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: François Ier; Franz I; Francesco I.

Château de Chambord, François Ier (1494–1547) (Undated catalogue). record title. Institutional catalogue.

Source wording: François Ier (1494-1547)

English: Francis I (1494–1547)

The cited scholarly record supplies this identification; a catalogue title is not an original inscription.

Hartmann, August, Winzerer, Kaspar (1898). pp. 511–513, account of Pavia. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: König Franz I.

English: King Francis I

The cited scholarly record supplies this identification; a catalogue title is not an original inscription.

Francis I of France (posthumous portrait), 1602. Engraving and letterpress. Stadtbibliothek Schaffhausen, via e-rara, B+ 3; part IV; image 22431739.

Stadtbibliothek Schaffhausen, B+ 3; e-rara, doi:10.3931/e-rara-79794

Named in the printed heading FRANCISCVS I. GALLIARVM REX. A posthumous portrait. The date is the date on this part’s title page.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Institution-supplied image retained unchanged; no crop, retouching, or colour alteration.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-08-29.

Portrait of Leonhardt Fronsperger, Jost Amman, 1573
Portrait of Leonhardt Fronsperger
Jost Amman · 1573
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-OB-21.436
Image source · Name source · Rights

Writers and witnesses

Leonhart Fronsperger

Born
c. 1520 (?)
Died
23 May 1575

Former Landsknecht, military judicial officer, and author of influential books on organization, law, arms, and camp life. His illustrated manuals are major sources for sixteenth-century German military culture.

His birth and early life are uncertain. The publication year 1573 of the Kriegsbuch is not his death year.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1555; 1573Period text

    Fünf Bücher von Kriegsregiment und Ordnung (1555) and the three-volume Kriegsbuch (1573), identified in the NDB work list.

    Huber, Max, Fronsperger (Frönsperger, Freundtsperger), Leonhardt (Lienhart) (1961). Biographie and Werke. Signed scholarly reference.
  2. 1961Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1548, 1555–1573, 1566

    Huber, Max, Fronsperger (Frönsperger, Freundtsperger), Leonhardt (Lienhart) (1961). pp. 662, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  3. 1573Period artwork

    The Rijksmuseum catalogues and names this image as Portrait of Leonhardt Fronsperger; the displayed file is the item-level public-domain image.

    Jost Amman, Portrait of Leonhardt Fronsperger (1573). Object RP-P-OB-21.436; title, subject, production, and edition note.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Leonhardt Fronsperger; Lienhart Fronsperger; Leonhard Frönsperger.

Huber, Max, Fronsperger (Frönsperger, Freundtsperger), Leonhardt (Lienhart) (1961). pp. 662, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Kriegsschriftsteller

English: military writer

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Portrait of Leonhardt Fronsperger, 1573. Woodcut printed from two blocks, with letterpress on verso. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-OB-21.436.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-OB-21.436

The catalogue title names Leonhardt Fronsperger; the Rijksmuseum further identifies the sheet as a woodcut used in editions of his Kriegsbuch.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Downloaded through the Rijksmuseum IIIF Image API at a maximum dimension of 1600 pixels; no editorial crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

Georg von Frundsberg (posthumous portrait), Tobias Stimmer, 1590
Georg von Frundsberg (posthumous portrait)
Tobias Stimmer · 1590
LWL-Museum für Kunst und Kultur, Porträtarchiv Diepenbroick, C-568965 PAD
Image source · Name source · Rights

Commanders and soldiers

Georg von Frundsberg

Born
24 September 1473 (?)
Died
20 August 1528

Landsknecht commander closely associated with the imperial victories at Bicocca and Pavia. His troops’ march into Italy ended for him in illness during the mutiny of 1527, before the sack of Rome.

The NDB qualifies the birth date. His supposed words to Luther at Worms are not established by contemporary testimony.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1590Posthumous portrait

    Stimmer woodcut naming Frundsberg; the Portraitindex supplies the print date.

    Tobias Stimmer, Bildnis des Georgivs Fronspergivs (1590). C-568965 PAD; printed heading GEORGIVS FRONSPERGIVS. Institutional catalogue.
  2. 1961Scholarly biography

    Zoepfl’s biography discusses Frundsberg’s Italian campaigns and his withdrawal from the army.

    Events discussed: 1522, 1525, 1527

    Zoepfl, Friedrich, Frundsberg, Georg von (1961). pp. 670–671, Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Jörg von Frundsberg; Georg von Fronsberg; Georg von Freundsberg.

Zoepfl, Friedrich, Frundsberg, Georg von (1961). pp. 670–671, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Landsknechtführer

English: Landsknecht commander

Signed scholarly biography; the birth date is explicitly qualified. Do not transfer its occasional campaign-date misprints into a chronology.

Georg von Frundsberg (posthumous portrait), 1590. Woodcut. LWL-Museum für Kunst und Kultur, Porträtarchiv Diepenbroick, C-568965 PAD.

LWL-Museum für Kunst und Kultur, Porträtarchiv Diepenbroick, C-568965 PAD

Printed heading GEORGIVS FRONSPERGIVS and institutional sitter identification. A posthumous likeness; 1590 is the Portraitindex date.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Institution-supplied image retained unchanged; no crop, retouching, or colour alteration.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-08-29.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Commanders and soldiers

Kaspar von Frundsberg

Born
1501 (older accounts: 1500)
Died
1536

Son of Georg von Frundsberg and an imperial Landsknecht commander in his own right, active in the defence of Pavia and later Italian campaigns.

The modern NDB genealogy gives 1501; the older ADB gives 1500.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1878Scholarly biography

    The biography of his father also recounts Kaspar’s military career.

    Events discussed: 1520s–1536

    Landmann, Karl Johann Casimir von, Frundsberg, Georg von (1878). pp. 154-159, closing paragraphs. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Caspar von Frundsberg.

Zoepfl, Friedrich, Frundsberg, Georg von (1961). pp. 670–671, Genealogie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Kaspar (1501–36)

English: Kaspar (1501–1536)

The genealogy identifies Georg’s son Kaspar as a Landsknecht leader and gives 1501–1536. The older ADB gives 1500 for his birth.

Landmann, Karl Johann Casimir von, Frundsberg, Georg von (1878). pp. 154-159, closing account of Caspar. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Kaspar von F., ältester Sohn des Vorigen

Normalized reading: Kaspar von Frundsberg, ältester Sohn des Vorigen

English: Kaspar von Frundsberg, eldest son of the preceding man

The closing account identifies Georg’s son, gives the older birth year 1500, and describes his commands. The newer NDB genealogy gives 1501; that disagreement is retained.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Commanders and soldiers

Wilhelm von Fürstenberg

Born
7 January 1491
Died
21 August 1549

Military entrepreneur whose German infantry served successive employers, including the emperor and the French king. He commanded in the Württemberg campaign of 1534 and later in French service.

This is the count and landgrave in the Baar, who died at Ortenberg, not the similarly named Livonian master. The old biography’s moral judgments are not adopted.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1878Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1522–1523, 1528, 1534, 1538

    Riezler, Sigmund Ritter von, Fürstenberg, Graf Wilhelm von (1878). pp. 228–232, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Wilhelm Graf von Fürstenberg.

Riezler, Sigmund Ritter von, Fürstenberg, Graf Wilhelm von (1878). pp. 228–232, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: 6000 deutschen Landsknechten

English: 6,000 German Landsknechte

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Named figure in a print

Named figures in prints

Gall von Undervalden

Born
Not established
Died
Not established

Name attached to a soldier woodcut attributed to Erhard Schön. A named print figure, not an independently established historical biography.

No identification with a documented individual is established here. A speaking name or comic persona must not be treated as a confirmed sitter.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. c. 1520–1530Period artwork

    Gall von Undervalden, catalogued under Erhard Schön; the dating follows Seggern’s illustration catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 541, fig. 20, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
  2. c. 1530Period artwork

    The institutional portrait record specifically names Gall von Undervalden; its digital image remains link-only pending item-level reuse clearance.

    Erhard Schön, Gall von Underwalden (c. 1530). Object MB 2010/1 J (PK); museum title, c. 1530 dating, and named woodcut record.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Gall von Unterwalden.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 541, fig. 20, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Gall von Undervalden

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

The museum catalogues this c. 1530 woodcut under the named figure, but the museum's image terms require advance permission for republication; the object record is linked and the image is not copied here.

Portrait source · Name source

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Artists and publishers

Urs Graf the Elder

Born
c. 1485
Died
c. 1527–1528; disputed

Swiss goldsmith, draughtsman, and mercenary whose military drawings are important comparative evidence for Landsknecht and Reisläufer imagery. His own service was Swiss and must not be automatically relabelled German.

The Städel dates his death c. 1527–1528; other museum catalogues give later approximations. The date remains uncertain.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1519Period artwork

    Returning Landsknecht; attributed and dated in Seggern’s catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 540, fig. 12, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Urs Graf d. Ä..

Städel Museum, Urs Graf d. Ä. (Undated catalogue). life dates and Biografie. Institutional catalogue.

Source wording: Ab 1510 nahm er als Reisläufer an Kriegszügen

English: From 1510 he took part in campaigns as a Swiss mercenary

The cited scholarly record supplies this identification; a catalogue title is not an original inscription.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 540, fig. 12, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Heimkehrender Landsknecht

English: Returning Landsknecht

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Artists and publishers

Hans Guldenmund

Born
Unknown
Died
28 November 1560

Nuremberg publisher of soldier broadsheets designed by Beham, Flötner, Schön, and Stör. His role as publisher must be distinguished from the artists’ work and from the named speakers in the prints.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1966Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: c. 1520s–1530s

    Zirnbauer, Heinz, Guldenmund, Hans (1966). pp. 303–304, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Hans Guldenmunt.

Zirnbauer, Heinz, Guldenmund, Hans (1966). pp. 303–304, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Drucker, Verleger

English: printer, publisher

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Named figure in a printNo substitute likeness is used.

Named figures in prints

Paul Guterding

Born
Not established
Died
Not established

Name attached to a soldier woodcut attributed to Hans Burgkmair. A named print figure, not an independently established historical biography.

No identification with a documented individual is established here. A speaking name or comic persona must not be treated as a confirmed sitter.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. c. 1520–1530; printed 1575–1590Period artwork

    Paul Guterding, catalogued under Hans Burgkmair; the dating follows Seggern’s illustration catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 542, fig. 26, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
Sources, name variants & portrait details
Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 542, fig. 26, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Paul Guterding

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

Named figure in a print

Named figures in prints

Heyne auf der kyrchgassen

Born
Not established
Died
Not established

Name attached to a soldier woodcut attributed to Erhard Schön. A named print figure, not an independently established historical biography.

No identification with a documented individual is established here. A speaking name or comic persona must not be treated as a confirmed sitter.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. c. 1520–1530Period artwork

    Heyne auf der kyrchgassen, catalogued under Erhard Schön; the dating follows Seggern’s illustration catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 541, fig. 19, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
  2. c. 1530Period artwork

    The institutional portrait record specifically names Heyne auf der kyrchgassen; its digital image remains link-only pending item-level reuse clearance.

    Erhard Schön, Heyne auss der kyrchgassen von Schweitz (c. 1530). Object MB 2010/1 I (PK); museum title, c. 1530 dating, and named woodcut record.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Heine auf der Kirchgasse.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 541, fig. 19, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Heyne auf der kyrchgassen

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

The museum catalogues this c. 1530 woodcut under the named figure, but the museum's image terms require advance permission for republication; the object record is linked and the image is not copied here.

Portrait source · Name source

No rights-cleared portrait on this page

Commanders and soldiers

Eitel Friedrich II of Hohenzollern

Born
1452
Died
18 June 1512

Counsellor and military commander of Maximilian I, active in the Swiss War, the Landshut succession conflict, and Guelders. Included for the early Habsburg command network in which Landsknecht forces developed.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1959Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1499, 1504, 1505

    Gönner, Eberhard, Eitel Friedrich II. (1959). pp. 423, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  2. 1603Posthumous portrait

    The institutional portrait record specifically names Eitel Friedrich II of Hohenzollern; its digital image remains link-only pending item-level reuse clearance.

    Dominicus Custos, Bildnis des Eitelius Fridericus II., Graf von Hohenzollern (1603). Portraitindex object 33019120; 1603 named book-print record and SBB inventory.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Eitel Friedrich II von Hohenzollern; Eitel Friedrich II von Zollern.

Gönner, Eberhard, Eitel Friedrich II. (1959). pp. 423, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Truppenführer

English: troop commander

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

This institutional portrait record specifically names the sitter. It remains link-only because an item-level open reuse statement for the exact digital image was not established.

Portrait source · Name source

No rights-cleared portrait on this page

Commanders and soldiers

Georg von Holle

Born
1514 (alternative: 1513)
Died
1576

North German colonel and military contractor who supplied troops to changing employers. His career links English service at Boulogne with imperial, princely, and French campaigns.

The signed NDB article gives 1514; the authority heading also records 1513. He is not the nineteenth-century botanist Georg von Holle.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1972Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1542, 1544–1547, 1553–1554

    Rautenberg, Wilhelm, Holle, Georg (Jürgen) von (1972). pp. 540, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Jürgen von Holle.

Rautenberg, Wilhelm, Holle, Georg (Jürgen) von (1972). pp. 540, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Kriegsoberst und Soldunternehmer

English: military colonel and military contractor

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

The signed biography lists portrait references in its Porträts section. Those references do not establish the reuse rights of a particular digital image; no image from that list has been approved here.

Portrait source · Name source

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Artists and publishers

Daniel Hopfer

Born
c. 1470
Died
1536

Augsburg etcher and armour decorator whose prints include groups of Landsknechte and Swiss mercenaries. Their original design dates must be distinguished from later reprints.

This is the artist, not the later Augsburg weapons merchant of the same name.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. c. 1526–1536Period artwork

    Five Landsknechte; attributed and dated in Seggern’s catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 558, fig. 139, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Daniel Hopfer the Elder.

National Gallery of Art, Daniel Hopfer (Undated catalogue). artist heading. Institutional catalogue.

Source wording: German, c. 1470 - 1536

The cited scholarly record supplies this identification; a catalogue title is not an original inscription.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 558, fig. 139, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Fünf Landsknechte

English: Five Landsknechte

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Artists and publishers

Wolf Huber

Born
c. 1485
Died
3 June 1553

Painter and draughtsman whose drawings include Landsknechte drawing swords and small groups of soldiers. These images provide evidence of artistic representation, not proof of the artist’s own military service.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1512Period artwork

    Landsknecht drawing a sword; attributed and dated in Seggern’s catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 540, fig. 6, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
  2. 1972Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1512

    Winzinger, Franz, Huber, Wolfgang (Wolf) (1972). pp. 700–701, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Wolfgang Huber.

Winzinger, Franz, Huber, Wolfgang (Wolf) (1972). pp. 700–701, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Maler

English: painter

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 540, fig. 6, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Schwertziehender Landsknecht

English: Landsknecht drawing a sword

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

Portrait of Ulrich von Hutten, attributed to Robert Boissard, after Erhard Schön and possibly Jean Jacques Boissard, c. 1597–1599
Portrait of Ulrich von Hutten
attributed to Robert Boissard, after Erhard Schön and possibly Jean Jacques Boissard · c. 1597–1599
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-OB-31.464
Image source · Name source · Rights

Writers and witnesses

Ulrich von Hutten

Born
21 April 1488
Died
29 August 1523

Humanist, polemicist, and associate of Franz von Sickingen who also entered imperial military service in Italy. His writings connect the experience of war with political and religious controversy.

This is the humanist, not the older Fulda councillor of the same name or a later author using his name as a pseudonym.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1974Scholarly biography

    Signed biography with references to earlier records.

    Events discussed: 1512–1513, 1517–1523

    Grimm, Heinrich, Hutten, Ulrich (1974). pp. 99-102, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  2. c. 1597–1599Posthumous portrait

    The Rijksmuseum catalogues and names this image as Portrait of Ulrich von Hutten; the displayed file is the item-level public-domain image.

    attributed to Robert Boissard, after Erhard Schön and possibly Jean Jacques Boissard, Portrait of Ulrich von Hutten (c. 1597–1599). Object RP-P-OB-31.464; title on object, attribution, and publication note.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details
Grimm, Heinrich, Hutten, Ulrich (1974). pp. 99-102, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: kaiserl. Kriegsdienst

English: imperial military service

The cited article and locator were opened. This short excerpt identifies the match; the surrounding article supports the biographical statement.

Portrait of Ulrich von Hutten, c. 1597–1599. Engraving and book illustration. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-OB-31.464.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-OB-31.464

The object title Huldrichus Huttenus and the catalogue identify Ulrich von Hutten; the print was made for Jean Jacques Boissard's Icones and is posthumous.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Downloaded through the Rijksmuseum IIIF Image API at a maximum dimension of 1600 pixels; no editorial crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

Named figure in a printNo substitute likeness is used.

Named figures in prints

Jäckel friß omb sonst

Born
Not established
Died
Not established

Name attached to a soldier woodcut attributed to Hans Burgkmair. A named print figure, not an independently established historical biography.

No identification with a documented individual is established here. A speaking name or comic persona must not be treated as a confirmed sitter.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. c. 1520–1530; printed 1575–1590Period artwork

    Jäckel friß omb sonst, catalogued under Hans Burgkmair; the dating follows Seggern’s illustration catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 542, fig. 27, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Jäckel friss umsonst.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 542, fig. 27, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Jäckel friß omb sonst

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Writers and witnesses

Hans Wilhelm Kirchhof

Born
c. 1525
Died
30 September 1605

Former Landsknecht and author whose Wendunmuth and Militaris Disciplina contain recollections of military life. He served in Germany and France before turning to civic employment and writing.

His humorous and didactic tales must be read as literary works, not as a transparent record of every incident.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1563; 1602Period text

    Wendunmuth: initial publication in 1563 and subsequent parts in 1602, as distinguished in the NDB work list.

    Bodo Gotzkowsky, Kirchhof(f) (Kirchof), Hans Wilhelm (1977). Biographie and Werke. Signed scholarly reference.
  2. 1977Scholarly biography

    Gotzkowsky discusses the autobiographical evidence in Wendunmuth (1563; further books 1602–1603) and Militaris Disciplina.

    Events discussed: 1543–1554

    Bodo Gotzkowsky, Kirchhof(f) (Kirchof), Hans Wilhelm (1977). pp. 645–646, Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Hans Wilhelm Kirchhoff; Hans Wilhelm Circhhof.

Bodo Gotzkowsky, Kirchhof(f) (Kirchof), Hans Wilhelm (1977). pp. 645–646, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: ließ sich als Landsknecht anwerben

English: had himself recruited as a Landsknecht

The NDB dates his military service to 1543–1554 and his death to 1605; the older ADB’s approximate death date is superseded.

Portrait of Hans Suess von Kulmbach, Matthias van Sommer, 1643–1672
Portrait of Hans Suess von Kulmbach
Matthias van Sommer · 1643–1672
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1907-1365
Image source · Name source · Rights

Artists and publishers

Hans Süss von Kulmbach

Born
Before 1480
Died
Between 17 September and 17 December 1522

Nuremberg painter and draughtsman associated with Dürer’s circle. A Landsknecht drawing assigned to him bears a false Dürer monogram, making it a useful warning about attribution.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. c. 1507–1510Period artwork

    Landsknecht drawing with a false Dürer monogram; attribution and dating follow Seggern.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 539, fig. 2, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
  2. 1982Scholarly biography

    Signed biography with references to earlier records.

    Events discussed: 1501–1522

    Strieder, Peter, Kulmbach, Hans Suess von (1982). pp. 277-279, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  3. 1643–1672Posthumous portrait

    The Rijksmuseum catalogues and names this image as Portrait of Hans Suess von Kulmbach; the displayed file is the item-level public-domain image.

    Matthias van Sommer, Portrait of Hans Suess von Kulmbach (1643–1672). Object RP-P-1907-1365; title, inscription, date, and maker.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Hans Suess von Kulmbach; Hans von Kulmbach.

Strieder, Peter, Kulmbach, Hans Suess von (1982). pp. 277-279, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Zusammenarbeit

English: collaboration

The cited article and locator were opened. This short excerpt identifies the match; the surrounding article supports the biographical statement.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 539, fig. 2, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Landsknecht

English: Landsknecht drawing with a false Dürer monogram

Scholarly catalogue wording and dating, not a new transcription of the original print.

Portrait of Hans Suess von Kulmbach, 1643–1672. Etching and engraving. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1907-1365.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1907-1365

The institutional title identifies Hans Suess von Kulmbach, and the printed portrait itself names him; this is posthumous.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Downloaded through the Rijksmuseum IIIF Image API at a maximum dimension of 1600 pixels; no editorial crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Commanders and soldiers

Charles de Lannoy

Born
1487 or 1488
Died
1527

Habsburg commander and viceroy of Naples involved in the victory at Pavia and the custody of Francis I. His dealings with unpaid Landsknechte also appear in accounts of the imperial army after the sack of Rome.

Wauters gives either 1487 or 1488 for his birth. The article’s detailed battle narrative is an older interpretation, not an independently reconciled account.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1890–1891Scholarly biography

    Wauters’s signed biography cites chroniclers and academy research.

    Events discussed: 1524–1527

    Alphonse Wauters, Lannoy (Charles de) (1890–1891). columns 297–302. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Carlo di Lannoy; Charles de Senzeilles.

Alphonse Wauters, Lannoy (Charles de) (1890–1891). columns 297–302; PDF scans 156–158. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: LANNOY (Charles DE)

English: Lannoy (Charles de)

The cited article and locator were opened. This short excerpt identifies the match; the surrounding article supports the biographical statement.

Named figure in a printNo substitute likeness is used.

Named figures in prints

Florian Leschenbrandt

Born
Not established
Died
Not established

Name attached to a soldier woodcut attributed to Christoph Amberger. A named print figure, not an independently established historical biography.

No identification with a documented individual is established here. A speaking name or comic persona must not be treated as a confirmed sitter.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. c. 1520–1530; printed 1575–1590Period artwork

    Florian Leschenbrandt, catalogued under Christoph Amberger; the dating follows Seggern’s illustration catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 542, fig. 28, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
Sources, name variants & portrait details
Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 542, fig. 28, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Florian Leschenbrandt

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Commanders and soldiers

Sigmund List

Born
Unknown
Died
Unknown

Commander named in Dolnstein’s accounts of the 1502 Älvsborg campaign. Dihle also traces him in Saxon service and court clothing accounts.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. Early sixteenth centuryPeriod text

    Named as a commanding captain in the inscriptions published by Dihle.

    Events discussed: 1502

    Helene Dihle, Zur Belagerung von Elfsborg i. J. 1502: Aus den Papieren eines deutschen Landsknechts (1930). pp. 109–110, 112. Scholarly study.
  2. 1930Scholarly study

    Dihle discusses records of List’s service.

    Events discussed: 1494, 1499–1502

    Helene Dihle, Zur Belagerung von Elfsborg i. J. 1502: Aus den Papieren eines deutschen Landsknechts (1930). p. 112. Scholarly study.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Sigmundt List; Sigmunt List.

Helene Dihle, Zur Belagerung von Elfsborg i. J. 1502: Aus den Papieren eines deutschen Landsknechts (1930). p. 112, paragraph on Sigmund List. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Sigmund List

The cited scholarly record supplies this identification; a catalogue title is not an original inscription.

No rights-cleared portrait on this page

Family and household

Anna von Lodron

Born
Unknown
Died
Unknown

Second wife of Georg von Frundsberg, married in 1519 and represented in surviving portrait records.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1961Scholarly biography

    Named in the family section of Zoepfl’s Frundsberg biography.

    Events discussed: 1519

    Zoepfl, Friedrich, Frundsberg, Georg von (1961). pp. 670–671, Genealogie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Anna von Frundsberg.

Zoepfl, Friedrich, Frundsberg, Georg von (1961). pp. 670–671, Genealogie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Anna

The cited scholarly record supplies this identification; a catalogue title is not an original inscription.

The Met identifies a portrait medallion of Anna von Frundsberg, born Countess of Lodron (c. 1530). It is a three-dimensional object, so it is linked rather than presented as the requested painted or printed portrait.

Portrait source · Name source

Martin Luther as an Augustinian Monk, Lucas Cranach the Elder, 1520
Martin Luther as an Augustinian Monk
Lucas Cranach the Elder · 1520
Gift of Felix M. Warburg, 1920
Image source · Name source · Rights

Writers and witnesses

Martin Luther

Born
10 November 1483 (?)
Died
18 February 1546

Reformer whose writings discussed war, soldiering, and political obedience. He also figures in the later Frundsberg tradition, especially the much-repeated but unconfirmed story of their encounter at Worms.

The famous Frundsberg–Luther dialogue is not established by contemporary evidence.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1520Period artwork

    Luther portrayed as an Augustinian monk in 1520; not an image of his disputed encounter with Frundsberg.

    Lucas Cranach the Elder, Martin Luther as an Augustinian Monk (1520). Object 20.64.21. Institutional catalogue.
  2. 1987Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1521, 1520s

    Müller, Gerhard, Luther, Martin (1987). pp. 549–561, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Martin Luder.

Müller, Gerhard, Luther, Martin (1987). pp. 549–561, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Reformator

English: reformer

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Zoepfl, Friedrich, Frundsberg, Georg von (1961). pp. 670–671, Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: nirgends in zeitgenössischen Quellen bezeugt

English: not attested anywhere in contemporary sources

The NDB explicitly says the reported encouraging words to Luther are not secured by contemporary sources.

Martin Luther as an Augustinian Monk, 1520. Engraving. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 20.64.21.

Gift of Felix M. Warburg, 1920

Luther portrayed as an Augustinian monk in 1520; not an image of his disputed encounter with Frundsberg.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: CC0 1.0. Institution-supplied web image downloaded unchanged; no crop or colour alteration.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-08-29.

Portrait of Niklaus Manuel, Rudolf Füssli the Younger, 1755–1757
Portrait of Niklaus Manuel
Rudolf Füssli the Younger · 1755–1757
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1907-1014
Image source · Name source · Rights

Artists and publishers

Niklaus Manuel Deutsch

Born
c. 1484
Died
1530

Bernese artist, writer, and mercenary whose soldier drawings illuminate Swiss and German military imagery. Included as a comparative witness and image maker, not as proof of German Landsknecht identity.

The museum biographies disagree about the sides on which he served. This entry does not resolve that conflict.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. Undated museum biographyScholarly biography

    The museum biography discusses his campaigning in these years; this is an activity range, not the date of an undated museum text.

    Events discussed: 1516, 1522

    Städel Museum, Niklaus Manuel d. Ä. (Undated catalogue). Biografie. Institutional catalogue.
  2. 1755–1757Posthumous portrait

    The Rijksmuseum catalogues and names this image as Portrait of Niklaus Manuel; the displayed file is the item-level public-domain image.

    Rudolf Füssli the Younger, Portrait of Niklaus Manuel (1755–1757). Object RP-P-1907-1014; title and book-use note.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Niklaus Manuel the Elder; Niklaus Manuel d. Ä..

Städel Museum, Niklaus Manuel d. Ä. (Undated catalogue). life dates, Biografie, and work list. Institutional catalogue.

Source wording: bernischer Söldner

English: Bernese mercenary

The cited scholarly record supplies this identification; a catalogue title is not an original inscription.

Portrait of Niklaus Manuel, 1755–1757. Etching and book illustration. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1907-1014.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1907-1014

The catalogue names Niklaus Manuel and records this print as an illustration for Johann Kaspar Füssli's Geschichte Und Abbildung der besten Mahler in der Schweitz.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Downloaded through the Rijksmuseum IIIF Image API at a maximum dimension of 1600 pixels; no editorial crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

Portrait of Emperor Maximilian I, Hans Weiditz the Younger, 1519
Portrait of Emperor Maximilian I
Hans Weiditz the Younger · 1519
The George Khuner Collection, Gift of Mrs. George Khuner, 1975
Image source · Name source · Rights

Rulers and patrons

Maximilian I

Born
22 March 1459
Died
12 January 1519

Habsburg ruler whose recruitment and military reforms helped establish Landsknecht infantry. His wars and lavish printed commemorations are central to both their early history and their visual representation.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1519Period artwork

    A posthumous woodcut after Dürer. The Met identifies the sitter as Maximilian I.

    Hans Weiditz the Younger, Portrait of Emperor Maximilian I (1519). Object 1975.653.108. Institutional catalogue.
  2. 1990Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1480s–1510s

    Wiesflecker, Hermann, Maximilian I. (1990). pp. 458–471, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Emperor Maximilian I; Kaiser Maximilian I.

Wiesflecker, Hermann, Maximilian I. (1990). pp. 458–471, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Landsknechtstruppe

English: Landsknecht force

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Portrait of Emperor Maximilian I, 1519. Woodcut. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1975.653.108.

The George Khuner Collection, Gift of Mrs. George Khuner, 1975

A posthumous woodcut after Dürer. The Met identifies the sitter as Maximilian I.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: CC0 1.0. Institution-supplied web image downloaded unchanged; no crop or colour alteration.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-08-29.

Iohann Medices (named portrait page), Michael Beuther; printed by Peter Perna, 1582
Iohann Medices (named portrait page)
Michael Beuther; printed by Peter Perna · 1582
Michael Beuther, Bildnisse (Basel: Peter Perna, 1582), Universitätsbibliothek Basel, UBH EW I 9:2, p. 245, DOI 10.3931/e-rara-9113
Image source · Name source · Rights

Commanders and soldiers

Giovanni de’ Medici

Born
6 April 1498
Died
Night of 29–30 November 1526

Italian commander who attempted to impede Frundsberg’s advancing army in November 1526. He was mortally wounded during that campaign; the later legend of Giovanni dalle Bande Nere needs to be separated from his documented career.

His Italian Bande Nere must not be confused with German formations also called Black Bands. Arfaioli traces changes in his posthumous reputation.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 2009Scholarly biography

    Signed scholarly biography with primary-source references.

    Events discussed: 1521–1526

    Maurizio Arfaioli, Medici, Giovanni de’ (Giovanni dalle Bande Nere) (2009). opening paragraph; account of November 1526; discussion of the posthumous legend. Signed scholarly reference.
  2. 1582Posthumous portrait

    Beuther's named portrait book prints Iohann Medices directly above this portrait and biography.

    Michael Beuther; printed by Peter Perna, Bildnisse viler hochberühmter fürtrefflicher Männer (1582). Printed p. 245; e-rara image 2665634; heading and portrait on the same page.. Primary source.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Giovanni dalle Bande Nere; Ludovico de’ Medici.

Maurizio Arfaioli, Medici, Giovanni de’ (Giovanni dalle Bande Nere) (2009). opening paragraph; account of November 1526; discussion of the posthumous legend. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Georg von Frundsberg

The cited article and locator were opened. This short excerpt identifies the match; the surrounding article supports the biographical statement.

Iohann Medices (named portrait page), 1582. Woodcut portrait with letterpress biography on the same book page. Universitätsbibliothek Basel via e-rara, UBH EW I 9:2, printed page 245; e-rara image 2665634.

Michael Beuther, Bildnisse (Basel: Peter Perna, 1582), Universitätsbibliothek Basel, UBH EW I 9:2, p. 245, DOI 10.3931/e-rara-9113

The printed heading Iohann Medices appears immediately above the portrait and biography on page 245; this is a posthumous named book print.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. The complete named book page is reproduced unchanged from the repository webcache; no crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Artists and publishers

Niklas Meldemann

Born
Unknown
Died
1532

Nuremberg printer and publisher associated with Landsknecht broadsheets and the great view of the siege of Vienna. His publications combined artists’ designs with explanatory and topical verse.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1885Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1529–1530

    Steiff, Meldemann, Nicolaus (1885). pp. 292, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Niclas Meldeman; Niklas Meldeman.

Steiff, Meldemann, Nicolaus (1885). pp. 292, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Buchdrucker

English: printer

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Commanders and soldiers

Hilmar von Münchhausen

Born
1512
Died
19 April 1573

North German military contractor associated with Georg von Holle and Christoph von Wrisberg. His infantry commands connected the wars of Brunswick, the Schmalkaldic conflict, and later international service.

This is the elder Hilmar, not his son of the same name or the later literary Baron Münchhausen.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1886Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1542–1547, 1554

    Krause, Münchhausen, Hilmar von (1886). pp. 5–6, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Hilmar von Munchhausen.

Krause, Münchhausen, Hilmar von (1886). pp. 5–6, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Söldnerführer in Norddeutschland

English: mercenary commander in northern Germany

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Artists and publishers

Jost de Negker

Born
Unknown
Died
Before October 1548

Block cutter and printer working in Augsburg, including on the woodcut projects of Maximilian I. His workshop is important for understanding the production and reuse of military imagery.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1999Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1508–1540s

    Falk, Tilman, de Negker (auch de Necker, Denecker, Dienecker), Jost (auch Jobst) (1999). pp. 33, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Jost de Necker; Jost Dienecker.

Falk, Tilman, de Negker (auch de Necker, Denecker, Dienecker), Jost (auch Jobst) (1999). pp. 33, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Formschneider

English: woodblock cutter

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Writers and witnesses

Adam Reissner

Born
c. 1496
Died
c. 1582

Secretary to Georg von Frundsberg during the expedition of 1526–1528 and author of the Historia of Georg and Kaspar von Frundsberg. His account combines proximity to events with the later commemoration of his patrons.

Life dates vary in older scholarship. The approximate dates of the later Bosl record are retained.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1889Scholarly biography

    Bertheau discusses Reissner’s service and the Frundsberg history.

    Events discussed: 1526–1528

    Bertheau, Carl, Reißner, Adam (1889). pp. 150–152, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Adam Reißner; Adam Reusner; Adam Oryzius.

Bosl’s Bayerische Biographie, University Library Regensburg, Reißner (Reisner, Reusner, Oryzius), Adam (1983). entry heading and Beschreibung. Biographical reference compilation.

Source wording: um 1496 Mindelheim — um 1582 Mindelheim

English: about 1496 Mindelheim — about 1582 Mindelheim

The cited scholarly record supplies this identification; a catalogue title is not an original inscription.

Bertheau, Carl, Reißner, Adam (1889). pp. 150–152, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Geheimschreiber

English: confidential secretary

The older ADB supports his service and writings, but its life dates are superseded by the later biographical record.

Portrait of Hans Sachs, Georg Wolfgang Knorr, 1715–1761
Portrait of Hans Sachs
Georg Wolfgang Knorr · 1715–1761
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1912-2811
Image source · Name source · Rights

Writers and witnesses

Hans Sachs

Born
5 November 1494
Died
15 January 1576

Nuremberg shoemaker, poet, and Meistersinger whose verses and dialogues engaged with soldiers, war, and contemporary politics. Printed texts accompanying Landsknecht images belong to this wider literary culture.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 2005Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1520s–1560s

    Rettelbach, Johannes, Sachs, Hans (2005). pp. 330–332, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  2. 1715–1761Posthumous portrait

    The Rijksmuseum catalogues and names this image as Portrait of Hans Sachs; the displayed file is the item-level public-domain image.

    Georg Wolfgang Knorr, Portrait of Hans Sachs (1715–1761). Object RP-P-1912-2811; title and inscription note.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details
Rettelbach, Johannes, Sachs, Hans (2005). pp. 330–332, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Dichter, Meistersinger

English: poet, Meistersinger

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Steiff, Meldemann, Nicolaus (1885). pp. 292, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Sachs

Meldemann’s biography identifies Hans Sachs’s verses in the context of his published woodcuts.

Portrait of Hans Sachs, 1715–1761. Engraving. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1912-2811.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1912-2811

The institutional title identifies Hans Sachs, and the sheet carries a Latin identification beneath the portrait; it is posthumous.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Downloaded through the Rijksmuseum IIIF Image API at a maximum dimension of 1600 pixels; no editorial crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Commanders and soldiers

Niklas I von Salm

Born
1459
Died
4 May 1530

Experienced Habsburg field commander remembered for the defence of Vienna in 1529. His career connects Maximilian’s earlier wars with the German infantry employed against the Ottoman advance.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1890Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1491, 1499, 1504, 1529

    Sch., Salm, Niclas I. (1890). pp. 258–260, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Niclas von Salm; Nikolaus von Salm.

Sch., Salm, Niclas I. (1890). pp. 258–260, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: obristen Veldhauptmann

English: supreme field captain

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Named figure in a printNo substitute likeness is used.

Named figures in prints

Lorentz Sauberrauß

Born
Not established
Died
Not established

Name attached to a soldier woodcut attributed to Jörg Breu. A named print figure, not an independently established historical biography.

No identification with a documented individual is established here. A speaking name or comic persona must not be treated as a confirmed sitter.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. c. 1520–1530; printed 1575–1590Period artwork

    Lorentz Sauberrauß, catalogued under Jörg Breu; the dating follows Seggern’s illustration catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 542, fig. 25, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Lorentz Sauberrauss.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 542, fig. 25, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Lorentz Sauberrauß

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

Portrait of Hans Schäufelein, Christoph Friedrich Theodosius von Schad, after a painting by Johannes Müller, 1794–1799
Portrait of Hans Schäufelein
Christoph Friedrich Theodosius von Schad, after a painting by Johannes Müller · 1794–1799
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1907-1254
Image source · Name source · Rights

Artists and publishers

Hans Schäufelein

Born
c. 1482/1483
Died
1539/1540

Painter and woodcut designer of individual soldiers, infantry groups, and military scenes. His work is regularly used to study Landsknecht clothing and weapons.

The modern NDB explicitly rejects the older catalogue name “Hans Leonhard Schäufelein”; that older form is not used as his verified name.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. c. 1510Period artwork

    Landsknecht; attributed and dated in Seggern’s catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 539, fig. 4, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
  2. 2005Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: c. 1510

    Metzger, Christof, Schäufel(e)in (Schewffele, Scheyf[f]el[l]in, Scheuf[f]el[l]in, Scheiffelin, Schüfelin, Schewffel[l]in, Scheufelen, Scheifelen), Han(n)s (Johannes) (nicht: Hans Leonhard) (2005). pp. 528–530, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  3. 1794–1799Posthumous portrait

    The Rijksmuseum catalogues and names this image as Portrait of Hans Schäufelein; the displayed file is the item-level public-domain image.

    Christoph Friedrich Theodosius von Schad, after a painting by Johannes Müller, Portrait of Hans Schäufelein (1794–1799). Object RP-P-1907-1254; title, subject, and production roles.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Hans Schäuffelein; Hans Schaufelein.

Metzger, Christof, Schäufel(e)in (Schewffele, Scheyf[f]el[l]in, Scheuf[f]el[l]in, Scheiffelin, Schüfelin, Schewffel[l]in, Scheufelen, Scheifelen), Han(n)s (Johannes) (nicht: Hans Leonhard) (2005). pp. 528–530, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Maler

English: painter

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 539, fig. 4, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Landsknecht

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

Portrait of Hans Schäufelein, 1794–1799. Etching. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1907-1254.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1907-1254

The institutional title identifies Hans Schäufelein and the catalogue says the print was made after a named painting; this is a later likeness.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Downloaded through the Rijksmuseum IIIF Image API at a maximum dimension of 1600 pixels; no editorial crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Commanders and soldiers

Hans Ulrich von Schellenberg

Born
1487
Died
1558

Commander in Habsburg service, active in the Italian Wars and later campaigns. His career and the mixture of troops he commanded warn against treating every older use of “Landsknechte” as a precise nationality label.

The ADB describes some of his men as predominantly Swiss while calling them Landsknechte; that terminology is retained as a source problem.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1890Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1520s–1540s

    Beck, Paul, Schellenberg, Hans Ulrich von (1890). pp. 767–768, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Ulrich von Schellenberg.

Beck, Paul, Schellenberg, Hans Ulrich von (1890). pp. 767–768, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Heerführer

English: army commander

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Sebastian Schertlin von Burtenbach (posthumous portrait), Dominicus Custos, 1601
Sebastian Schertlin von Burtenbach (posthumous portrait)
Dominicus Custos · 1601
Stadtbibliothek Schaffhausen, B+ 3; e-rara, doi:10.3931/e-rara-79794
Image source · Name source · Rights

Commanders and soldiers

Sebastian Schertlin von Burtenbach

Born
12 February 1496
Died
18 November 1577

Landsknecht captain and military entrepreneur who served in the Italian Wars, entered Augsburg’s service, and later commanded for the Schmalkaldic League. His autobiography and correspondence are important evidence for a soldier’s career.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1601Posthumous portrait

    Named portrait in part III of Custos’s Atrium heroicum. This is the publication year, not a life event.

    Dominicus Custos; epigrams by Marcus Henning, Atrium heroicum Caesarum, Regu[m], aliarumque summatum, ac procerum (1600–1602). part III; image 22431717; heading SEBASTIANVS SCHERTLINVS. Primary source.
  2. 1890Scholarly biography

    Stern surveys Schertlin’s service and identifies editions of his autobiographical writings and letters.

    Events discussed: 1522, 1525, 1527, 1546

    Alfred Stern, Schertlin von Burtenbach, Sebastian (1890). pp. 132–137. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Sebastian Schärtlin; Sebastian Schertel.

Alfred Stern, Schertlin von Burtenbach, Sebastian (1890). pp. 132–137, Biographie and Literatur. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: als Hauptmann über zwölf Fähnlein Landsknechte

English: as captain over twelve companies of Landsknechte

Signed nineteenth-century biography citing Schertlin’s autobiography and letters; its rhetoric is not adopted.

Sebastian Schertlin von Burtenbach (posthumous portrait), 1601. Engraving and letterpress. Stadtbibliothek Schaffhausen, via e-rara, B+ 3; part III; image 22431717.

Stadtbibliothek Schaffhausen, B+ 3; e-rara, doi:10.3931/e-rara-79794

Named in the printed heading SEBASTIANVS SCHERTLINVS. A posthumous portrait. The date is the date on this part’s title page.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Institution-supplied image retained unchanged; no crop, retouching, or colour alteration.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-08-29.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Artists and publishers

Erhard Schön

Born
c. 1491
Died
1542 (between 20 September and 20 December)

Nuremberg printmaker closely associated with soldier broadsheets and named Landsknecht figures. His work with local publishers connects military imagery with popular printed verse.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. c. 1520–1530Period artwork

    Heyne in the church lane; attributed and dated in Seggern’s catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 541, fig. 19, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
  2. 2007Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: c. 1520–1530

    Mielke, Ursula, Schön (Schon),Erhard (2007). pp. 374–375, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Erhard Schoen.

Mielke, Ursula, Schön (Schon),Erhard (2007). pp. 374–375, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Erhard

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 541, fig. 19, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Heyne auf der kyrchgassen

English: Heyne in the church lane

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Family and household

Katharina von Schrofenstein

Born
Unknown
Died
1518

First wife of Georg von Frundsberg, named in the scholarly reconstruction of his family.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1961Scholarly biography

    Named in the family section of Zoepfl’s Frundsberg biography.

    Events discussed: c. 1500–1518

    Zoepfl, Friedrich, Frundsberg, Georg von (1961). pp. 670–671, Genealogie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details
Zoepfl, Friedrich, Frundsberg, Georg von (1961). pp. 670–671, Genealogie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Katharina

The cited scholarly record supplies this identification; a catalogue title is not an original inscription.

Lazarus von Schwendi (posthumous portrait), Unidentified printmaker, 1593
Lazarus von Schwendi (posthumous portrait)
Unidentified printmaker · 1593
Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg, RA 88/71, Kriegs-Discurs (1593)
Image source · Name source · Rights

Commanders and soldiers

Lazarus von Schwendi

Born
December 1522 (day uncertain)
Died
27 May 1583

Habsburg commander, diplomat, and military writer. He led a German Landsknecht regiment in the war of 1556–1559 and later served in Hungary; his military writings examined the weaknesses of mercenary recruitment and command.

The modern NDB gives 1583 as his death year; the older ADB gives 1584. The newer scholarly biography is followed here.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1593Posthumous portrait

    Author portrait and named Kriegs-Discurs, in the Frankfurt edition published after his death.

    Lazarus von Schwendi, Kriegs-Discurs: Von Bestellung desz gantzen Kriegswesens, vnnd von den Kriegsämptern (1593). catalogue title; portrait scan 0006; following In imaginem Baronis Suendii. Primary source.
  2. 2010Scholarly biography

    Nicklas documents his command and lists the Kriegs Discurs, printed in 1593 after his death.

    Events discussed: 1556–1559, 1564–1568

    Thomas Nicklas, Schwendi, Lazarus von (2010). pp. 65–66, Biographie and Werke. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Lazarus Freiherr von Schwendi.

Thomas Nicklas, Schwendi, Lazarus von (2010). pp. 65–66, heading, Biographie, Werke. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Kommando über ein Regiment dt. Landsknechte

English: command of a regiment of German Landsknechte

The 2010 NDB corrects the older ADB death date. Its works list identifies the posthumous 1593 Kriegs Discurs.

Lazarus von Schwendi (posthumous portrait), 1593. Printed portrait; technique not specified in the book record. Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg, RA 88/71; portrait scan 0006.

Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg, RA 88/71, Kriegs-Discurs (1593)

Author portrait in the 1593 edition, followed by the poem In imaginem Baronis Suendii. Published after Schwendi’s death.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Institution-supplied image retained unchanged; no crop, retouching, or colour alteration.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-08-29.

Portrait of Franz von Sickingen, Hieronymus Hopfer; this impression issued by David Funck, plate 1515–1550; this impression 1684
Portrait of Franz von Sickingen
Hieronymus Hopfer; this impression issued by David Funck · plate 1515–1550; this impression 1684
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-OB-76.740
Image source · Name source · Rights

Commanders and soldiers

Franz von Sickingen

Born
2 March 1481
Died
7 May 1523

Imperial knight and war entrepreneur who mobilized troops for private and princely campaigns. His operations and recruiting networks intersect with the history of Landsknecht captains and the crises of the early Reformation.

A knightly military entrepreneur; he is not being identified as an ordinary Landsknecht.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 2010Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1517, 1519, 1521–1523

    Endres, Rudolf, Sickingen, Franz von (2010). pp. 313–314, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  2. plate 1515–1550; this impression 1684Posthumous portrait

    The Rijksmuseum catalogues and names this image as Portrait of Franz von Sickingen; the displayed file is the item-level public-domain image.

    Hieronymus Hopfer; this impression issued by David Funck, Portrait of Franz von Sickingen (plate 1515–1550; this impression 1684). Object RP-P-OB-76.740; title, inscription, plate dating, and 1684 issue.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details
Endres, Rudolf, Sickingen, Franz von (2010). pp. 313–314, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Ritter

English: knight

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Portrait of Franz von Sickingen, plate 1515–1550; this impression 1684. Etching on iron. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-OB-76.740.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-OB-76.740

The catalogue and the printed German cartouche identify Franz von Sickingen. The displayed Funck impression is posthumous and is dated separately from the earlier plate.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Downloaded through the Rijksmuseum IIIF Image API at a maximum dimension of 1600 pixels; no editorial crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

Portrait of Virgil Solis, Balthasar Jenichen, 1563–1593
Portrait of Virgil Solis
Balthasar Jenichen · 1563–1593
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-OB-49.976
Image source · Name source · Rights

Artists and publishers

Virgil Solis

Born
Probably 1514
Died
1562 (buried 1 August)

Nuremberg printmaker whose soldier figures and illustrations to Fronsperger’s military books supplied images of military ranks and occupations.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1555Period artwork

    Colonel; attributed and dated in Seggern’s catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 559, fig. 150, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
  2. 2010Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1555

    O'Dell, Ilse; O'Dell-Franke, Ilse, Sol(l)is, Virgil(ius) (Vergilius) (2010). pp. 552–553, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  3. 1563–1593Posthumous portrait

    The Rijksmuseum catalogues and names this image as Portrait of Virgil Solis; the displayed file is the item-level public-domain image.

    Balthasar Jenichen, Portrait of Virgil Solis (1563–1593). Object RP-P-OB-49.976; title, subject, date, and maker.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Virgilius Solis.

O'Dell, Ilse; O'Dell-Franke, Ilse, Sol(l)is, Virgil(ius) (Vergilius) (2010). pp. 552–553, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Zeichner

English: draughtsman

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 559, fig. 150, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Oberst

English: Colonel

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

Portrait of Virgil Solis, 1563–1593. Etching. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-OB-49.976.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-OB-49.976

The catalogue names Virgil Solis as the sitter; the print is posthumous and bears the initials VS in the image.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Downloaded through the Rijksmuseum IIIF Image API at a maximum dimension of 1600 pixels; no editorial crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Writers and witnesses

Reinhard von Solms

Born
1491
Died
23 September 1562

Military commander, fortification specialist, and author of ordinances concerning military offices, discipline, artillery, and camp organization. His writings overlap with Konrad von Boyneburg’s work on Landsknecht organization.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1892Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1544–1545, 1546, 1554, 1559–1560

    Poten, Bernhard von, Solms, Reinhart (1892). pp. 584–585, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Reinhart zu Solms; Reinhard Graf zu Solms-Lich.

Poten, Bernhard von, Solms, Reinhart (1892). pp. 584–585, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Kriegsordnung

English: military ordinance

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Artists and publishers

Niklas Stör

Born
c. 1503
Died
1562

Nuremberg woodcut designer associated with soldier figures, military offices, and named speakers such as Clas Winttergrön. The individual titles do not by themselves establish the sitters as real soldiers.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. c. 1520–1530Period artwork

    Schueknecht, one of the occupational soldier figures catalogued by Seggern; the title is an occupational label, not a personal name.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 542, fig. 21, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Niclas Stör; Niklas Stoer; Niklas Stor.

Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Niklas Stor (Undated catalogue). artist heading and linked works. Institutional catalogue.

Source wording: Neurenberg circa 1503 - Neurenberg 1562

English: Nuremberg c. 1503 – Nuremberg 1562

The cited scholarly record supplies this identification; a catalogue title is not an original inscription.

Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 542, fig. 21, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Schueknecht

English: Shoe servant / apprentice shoemaker

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

Named figure in a printNo substitute likeness is used.

Named figures in prints

Augustin Wagenhals

Born
Not established
Died
Not established

Name attached to a soldier woodcut attributed to Hans Burgkmair. A named print figure, not an independently established historical biography.

No identification with a documented individual is established here. A speaking name or comic persona must not be treated as a confirmed sitter.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. c. 1520–1530; printed 1575–1590Period artwork

    Augustin Wagenhals, catalogued under Hans Burgkmair; the dating follows Seggern’s illustration catalogue.

    Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 541, fig. 17, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.
Sources, name variants & portrait details
Birgit von Seggern, Der Landsknecht im Spiegel der Renaissancegraphik um 1500–1540 (2003). p. 541, fig. 17, illustration catalogue. Scholarly study.

Source wording: Augustin Wagenhals

Title, attribution, and dating checked in Seggern’s illustration catalogue. This is scholarly identification of the artwork, not independent inspection of the original sheet.

Georg III. Truchseß von Waldburg, genannt: Der Bauernjörg, Hans Burgkmair the Younger (catalogue attribution), Date not supplied by catalogue
Georg III. Truchseß von Waldburg, genannt: Der Bauernjörg
Hans Burgkmair the Younger (catalogue attribution) · Date not supplied by catalogue
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek; Bildarchiv Foto Marburg, photograph 104.352
Image source · Name source · Rights

Commanders and soldiers

Georg III Truchsess von Waldburg

Born
25 January 1488
Died
29 May 1531

Commander and diplomat of the Swabian League, central to the military repression of the Peasants’ War of 1525. His place in Landsknecht history concerns recruitment, princely service, and violence against insurgents.

The familiar name “Bauernjörg” is securely attested much later; the NDB qualifies its possible use in 1525.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 2020Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1519, 1523, 1525

    Zürn, Martin, Georg III. Freiherr von Waldburg (etwa seit 1772, eventuell schon 1525 „Bauernjörg“ genannt) (2020). pp. 286–287, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  2. Date not suppliedPeriod artwork

    The Bildindex institutional record specifically names Georg III Truchsess von Waldburg in this hand-coloured woodcut book page and attributes the page to Hans Burgkmair the Younger; it supplies no date.

    Deutsches Dokumentationszentrum für Kunstgeschichte – Bildarchiv Foto Marburg; catalogue attribution to Hans Burgkmair the Younger, Georg III. Truchseß von Waldburg, genannt: Der Bauernjörg (Date not supplied). Object obj20089588; image mi02369a12; title, maker, technique, collection, and item-level CC0 statement.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Georg III von Waldburg; Bauernjörg.

Zürn, Martin, Georg III. Freiherr von Waldburg (etwa seit 1772, eventuell schon 1525 „Bauernjörg“ genannt) (2020). pp. 286–287, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Heerführer, Diplomat, Erbtruchsess

English: Army commander, diplomat, hereditary truchsess

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Georg III. Truchseß von Waldburg, genannt: Der Bauernjörg, Date not supplied by catalogue. Hand-coloured woodcut on a book page. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek; image catalogue via Bildindex der Kunst & Architektur, Cod. germ. 1292; Bildindex obj20089588; image mi02369a12.

Bayerische Staatsbibliothek; Bildarchiv Foto Marburg, photograph 104.352

The institutional record specifically names Georg III Truchsess von Waldburg, called the Bauernjörg, and catalogues the image as a hand-coloured woodcut book page by Hans Burgkmair the Younger. The catalogue does not supply a date for this page.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: CC0 1.0. The institution-delivered large JPEG is reproduced without editorial crop, retouching, or tonal adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Artists and publishers

Hans Weiditz the Younger

Born
Before 1500
Died
Unknown; documented through 1536

Woodcut designer whose work includes Maximilian’s portrait and illustrations of contemporary social life. He belongs in the register as an image maker, not as an identified soldier.

The end of his documented activity is not a secure death date.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 2020Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1519–1536

    Vogt, Christine, Weiditz, Hans (der Jüngere) (2020). pp. 582–583, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Hans Weiditz II; Petrarch Master.

Vogt, Christine, Weiditz, Hans (der Jüngere) (2020). pp. 582–583, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Zeichner für den Holzschnitt

English: designer for the woodcut

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

No rights-cleared portrait on this pageNo substitute likeness is used.

Commanders and soldiers

Kaspar III Winzerer

Born
1465 or 1475
Died
1542

Bavarian infantry commander in the Swabian League’s Württemberg campaign of 1519 and at Pavia in 1525. Surviving reports underpin his historical biography.

The ADB discusses conflicting birth evidence. Distinguish him from earlier family members also named Kaspar.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1898Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1519, 1525

    Hartmann, August, Winzerer, Kaspar (1898). pp. 511–513, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
Sources, name variants & portrait details

Also indexed as: Caspar Winzerer; Kaspar Winzerer.

Hartmann, August, Winzerer, Kaspar (1898). pp. 511–513, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: Oberen Hauptmann

English: senior captain

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Portrait of Christoph von Wrisberg, D. C. C. Fleischmann, after a painting by Johann Peter Haburg, 1732
Portrait of Christoph von Wrisberg
D. C. C. Fleischmann, after a painting by Johann Peter Haburg · 1732
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1914-2916
Image source · Name source · Rights

Commanders and soldiers

Christoph von Wrisberg

Born
c. 1510
Died
1580

North German mercenary commander whose employers included the English crown and imperial authorities. His career illustrates the movement of German infantry between northern European wars.

Dated texts & artworks

  1. 1898Scholarly biography

    The signed biography documents the career and identifies earlier sources.

    Events discussed: 1532, 1544, 1547

    Zimmermann, Paul, Wrisberg, Christoph von (1898). pp. 556–558, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.
  2. 1732Posthumous portrait

    The Rijksmuseum catalogues and names this image as Portrait of Christoph von Wrisberg; the displayed file is the item-level public-domain image.

    D. C. C. Fleischmann, after a painting by Johann Peter Haburg, Portrait of Christoph von Wrisberg (1732). Object RP-P-1914-2916; title, subject, and production roles.. Institutional catalogue.
Sources, name variants & portrait details
Zimmermann, Paul, Wrisberg, Christoph von (1898). pp. 556–558, heading and Biographie. Signed scholarly reference.

Source wording: norddeutschen Söldnerführer

English: North German mercenary commanders

Signed scholarly biography. Life dates and career are taken from the article, not an automatically merged authority heading; dated interpretations remain open to correction.

Portrait of Christoph von Wrisberg, 1732. Engraving. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1914-2916.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1914-2916

The catalogue names Christoph von Wrisberg as the sitter and records the print as made after a painting by Johann Peter Haburg.

Work: Public domain. Digital image: Public Domain Mark 1.0. Downloaded through the Rijksmuseum IIIF Image API at a maximum dimension of 1600 pixels; no editorial crop, retouching, or colour adjustment.

Image source · Name source · Rights · Institutional reuse policy · checked 2026-09-03.